AQ. nasals became voiceless stops before aspirates; [mpʰ|ntʰ|ŋkʰ] > [ppʰ|ttʰ|kkʰ]

Vinya aule autana ló minaþurindor mi Arávia ké poluva anta *elehterónea kelume ar imya lúmes *poita nén erumessen. I tanwe remba áre ar vista sa *elehterónienna ya *arrongo mene ter i singwa hya vára nén i kapsasse nún; i kelume *laukata i nén, potai i singi yo vaksi *hisyar; i *meniende tá atatya lan *maurea, hehtiéla poika nén i mettasse. Min i *ompassion ná sa i tanwe ké karina alta hya titta, antaila kelume ar nén ilye ostoin hya erye martanin.

AQ. second short vowel of same quality lost; [V₁CV̆₁CV] > [V₁CCV]

In Ancient Quenya, if two syllables had the same vowel twice and the second vowel as short (aCă, eCĕ, iCĭ, oCŏ, uCŭ), then the second vowel was frequently lost. This process is commonly referred to as the “Quenya syncope” and there are numerous examples of it:

It’s well known that Quenya nouns ending in -a have genitives ending in -o, such as: ciryo genitive for cirya “ship”. This is because the primitive genitive suffix was -ō, and aō > ō in Quenya (which then shortened at the end of words as all long vowels did). Presumably this would also be true of nouns like fea “spirit” that ended in a cluster of vowels, whose genitive is probably *feo. But what about nouns ending in oa like loa “(seasonal) year” or coa “house”?

Q. [ae], [ao] generally became [ē], [ō]; [ae|ao|ā{ĕŏ}] > [ē|ō|ā]

Quenya did not tolerate the vowel combinations [ae] or [ao], and these generally became [ē] or [ō]. These sound changes explain the somewhat peculiar rule that the genitive form of nouns ending in -a was -o, for example:

AQ. [j], [w] often reduced between vowels

✶[ŋŋ], [ŋɣ] became [ŋg]; [ŋ{ŋɣ}] > [ŋg]

In Common Eldarin, a double or dynamically-lengthened ŋŋ became ŋg. This sound change was mentioned several times in both the first and second versions of Tengwesta Qenderinwa from the 1930s [TQ1] and 1950s [TQ2]: